戏曲评点与晚明士人精神

Opera Comments and the Spirit of Scholars in the Late Ming Dynasty

戏曲评点兴起于明代中叶,评点者或阐发文学见解,或"揭示文学艺术作品的美和缺点"。但是,他们在进行文学批评的同时,受作品具体描写的触动,时时会表达文学批评以外的见解:既有对儒家伦理精神和社会责任感的坚守,也有对怀才不遇的愤懑和对世态炎凉的感慨;既有对虚伪道学的嘲讽和对侠义的崇尚,也有对梦幻时代梦幻人生的感悟。它们共同折射出晚明时期士人的心态和精神。

Opera comments became popular in the mid-Ming Dynasty. The opera critics expressed their views on literature, or ＂reveal the beauty or weaknesses of the literary and artistic works. ＂ While making their literary criticism, they were touched by the works and often expressed views other than critical remarks, including perseverance of Confucian ethics and social responsibility, lament on the frustration of the underappreciated and the inconstancy of relationship, mockery of hypocrisy and adoration of chivalry, and insights into the fantastic dreaming life. They all reflected the mental and spiritual states of late Ming scholars.