基于景观图论和生物能学的景观演变分析方法

An approach for tracing landscape change based on landscape graph and bioenergetics

探讨将景观格局分析的结果应用于景观规划与管理实践,对维护区域生态安全有着重要的理论和实践意义。本文以苏州水岸带景观为例,尝试整合景观图论和生物能学理论,形成一种简单、直观且高效的景观演变分析方法,从生态视角评估土地利用变化的影响,为可持续的景观规划和管理提供决策依据。在ArcGIS支持下,以4期GoogleEarth图像为基础数据,绘制出景观图示;分析节点和连线数量、类型和空间形态的变化以追溯景观的变化历程,阐释图示的生态学含义。结果表明,苏州水岸带景观出现明显的破碎化、自然景观连通性显著降低、细小水系消失以及水岸缓冲带缺乏等问题,对关键生态节点和连线的识别,可以有针对性地保护自然景观元素,平衡保护与开发的矛盾。

To apply landscape pattern analysis in landscape planning and management is ot theo- retical and practical significance for maintaining regional ecological safety. Taking a riparian zone in the suburb of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province of East China as an example, an attempt was made to integrate landscape graph and bioenergetics to explore a simple, intuitionistic, and effective ap- proach to trace the landscape change and evaluate the ecological consequences of land use change, aimed to supply basis for the decision-making of sustainable landscape planning and management. With the support of ArcGIS and the four periods Google Earth images, the land- scape graphs of the riparian zone were delineated, and the changes of the amount, type, and spatial conformation of nodes and linkages were mapped to trace the variation course oi the landscape in the zone and to interpret the ecological meanings of the landscape graphs. The landscape of the riparian zone had endured degradation, with an evident trend of landscape fragmentation, obvious decrease of natural landscape connectivity, extinction of small rivers and ponds, and inadequate riparian buffers. The detection of key ecological nodes and linkages could provide invaluable in- sights of taking particular measures for natural landscape conservation, and balancing contradictions of protection and development.