花绿竹生物经济特性及与传统绿竹的比较

Biological and economic characters of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami(Munro) Keng f. f. revoluta and comparison with D.oldhmi

花绿竹是近年选育的浙南夏秋笋新品种。与当地传统主栽种绿竹相比,有以下特点:(1)秆色为花色,绿底黄条,传统主栽种绿竹竹秆为绿色。(2)物候上抽枝发叶早,当年生新竹于高生长停止后即萌芽抽枝,抽枝率达80%;而传统种绿竹当年抽发枝叶相对较少。(3)习性上分枝低,多数竹株只要光线合适,即从地上部分第2～3节就开始抽枝,节间长度为两头小,中间长,11～32cm不等。(4)成竹高3～7m,胸径2.7～4.4cm。高生长期历时45～70天,夜生长量大于日生长量。径生长历时14天。高生长满足三次曲线方程:y=0.000 09x3+0.014 6x2+1.238 1x(R2=0.989 1)。(5)在浙南地区,花绿竹在海拔300 m以下、最低气温-5℃以上均可生长并形成经济产量。出笋初期6月初,末期10月中旬,7—8月为盛期,出笋量占总量的83%以上。(6)丰产早产性能好(3～4年生竹丛,产量在5.25～6.00 t/hm2,较对照种高25%),笋体品质优(糖分含量高、出土笋苦味轻)、质地脆、口感佳。花绿竹可作为笋用竹推广应用,也可考虑兼作笋用、观赏竹开发。

Dendrocalamopsis oldhami （Munro） Keng f. f. revoluta is a new summer and autumn rearing bamboo variety in the south of Zhejiang. Compared with the traditional local principal cultivated D. oldhmi, it has the following characteristics： （ 1 ） Culm color： green bottom with yellow bar; The culm color of traditional principal cultivated D. oldhmi is green. （2） Phenology ： D. oldhami （Munro） Keng f. f. revoluta sprouts earlier than the D. oldhami. D. oldhami （Munro） Keng f. f. revoluta begains to sprout immediately after height growth. The rate of sprouting is 80%. And the rate of sprouting in D. oldhami is relatively less. （3） Habits： the branch is low. As long as suitable light, most bamboo plants began to branch from the first 2-3 nodes. The internode length of both ends is small, while middle section is long, ranging from 11 to 32 cm. （g） Mature bamboo ： three to seven meters in height, with a diameter of 2.7-4.4 cm at breast height. Height growth lasts 45-70 days. Growth at night is higher than growth in the daytime. Diameter growth lasts 14 days. Height growth meets a cubic equation： y = -9E -05x3 ＋0. 0146x2 ＋ 1. 2381x（R2 =0. 989 1 ）. （5） D. oldhami （Munro） Keng f. f. revoluta can grow and form economic yield at an altitude of under 300 metres and the lowest temperature of above - 5 ℃ in the south of Zhejiang. The bamboo shoot begins in the early June and ends in the middle of October. The season for harvesting bamboo shoots is in July and August. The rate of bamboo shoots is more than 83%. （6） The performance of fer- tility and early high-yield is good （for 3--4 year old bamboo, the amount of bamboo shoots is 5.25-6.00 t/hm2, a 25% higher than control bamboo）. Bamboo shoots has high quality （ with high carbohydrate content, low bitter taste, texture brittle and good-tasted）. D. oldhami （Munro） Keng f. f. revoluta can be used as a species for bamboo shoots production, It can also be considered as a species concurrently with both ornamental bamboo and bamboo shoots.