不同职业特征人群健康素养现状调查

Surveys on health literacy status among different occupational populations in China

目的了解我国不同职业特征人群健康素养水平,为制定和评价卫生政策及干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取全国79 542名15～69岁常住人口进行健康素养调查。结果我国居民健康素养知晓率为60.54%,基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能三方面素养的知晓率分别为60.93%、59.34%、63.76%,其5类健康问题科学健康观素养、传染病素养、慢性病素养、安全与急救素养、基本医疗素养知晓率分别为68.62%、62.97%、49.90%、66.88%、52.76%。重体力劳动人群健康素养得分、5类健康问题得分均较低(P<0.01)。不同职业特征人群慢性病预防素养(5.49±2.02)分、传染病预防素养(11.97±3.71)分、基本医疗素养(6.33±2.56)分得分较低。结论重体力劳动人群应该成为健康素养的重点干预和监测人群,应有针对性的开展健康素养干预和监测。

Objective To evaluate the health literacy levels among various occupational populations in China in order to provide practical guidance for developing interventional strategies.Methods A total of 79 542 permanent residents aged from 15 to 69 years old were randomly selected by using multistage stratified sampling method and were questioned regarding their knowledge for health.Results The overall awareness rate of health literacy was 60.54%,and the rates of 3 health literacy related aspects as basic health concept and knowledge,healthy lifestyle and behavior as well as health related skills were 60.93%,59.34% and 63.76% respectively.The awareness rates of 5 health related issues as science concept of health,literacy of contagious diseases and chronic diseases,safety and first-aid,essential and comprehensive medical care were 68.62%,62.97%,49.90%,66.88% and 52.76% respectively.All these awareness rates among heavier physical labors were significantly lower compared to others（P0.01）.The scores of literacy of chronic disease prevention（5.49±2.02）,infectious disease prevention（11.97±3.71） and basic medical care（6.33±2.56） were all low among surveyed populations.Conclusions The heavier physical labors should be regarded as major target for health literacy intervention and education.