唐山滨海湿地分布特征及其形成的控制因素

THE DISTRIBUTED PATTERN OF COASTAL WETLANDS IN TANGSHAN AND ITS CONTROLLING FACTORS

唐山滨海湿地资源丰富,类型多样,天然湿地和人工湿地交错分布。湿地的空间形态基本按照等高线与海岸线呈近似平行的带状分布,其形成受控于研究区活跃的新构造运动所造成的地面快速沉降以及地表水系的分布与改变,也明显受到降水量、蒸发量及其季节和年际变化等气候条件的制约,还受到沉积环境、地层结构、地下水赋存条件等自然因素的影响。然而,伴随近年来研究区大规模的工农业建设和城市化进程,人为因素上升为滨海湿地机能退化的主控因素。城市化、工农业现代化和港口建设等人类活动以及由此引发的环境污染,造成湿地面积萎缩和生态机能的减退,已经明显超过了自然因素对滨海湿地演化的影响。唐山滨海湿地的形成和发育是对研究区构造运动—气候演化—环境变迁之间耦合关系的响应记录,更是现代工农业生产活动的结果。

Both natural and human-made wetlands are distributed along the coast of Tangshan in a zon- al pattern paralleling to the coastline. The formation of the wetland is controlled by active neotectonic movement in the study area, which causes rapid land subsidence, changes in surface water system and its distribution pattern. Natural factors, such as precipitation, evaporation and seasonal and annualvariation of climate conditions also play important role, in addition to sedimentary environment, geo- logical background and groundwater occurrence. However, due to the large-scale industrial and agri- cultural construction and urbanization recently carried out in the research areas, human factors has be- come the main cause o{ coastal wetlands degradation, environmental pollution and the shrinkage of wetland areas. And the ecological function of wetland is decreasing. The Tangshan coastal wetlands are products of joint actions of neotectonic movement, climate evolution and environmental changes, and also the consequence of modern industrial and agricultural development.