单位社区杂化过程与城市性的构建

HYBRIDIZATION OF DANWEI NEIGHBORHOOD AND THE EMERGENCE OF URBANISM

单位社区作为中国城市重要的传统社区之一,曾经是以单位制度作为组织形态和行为规范而形成的"准乡土性"社区。而在转型期,随着城市空间重构、单位制度解体与个人生活方式的转变,单位社区出现了以社区杂化过程为显著特征的制度—空间—社会的全面转型。单位社区杂化从广义上包括居民构成、社会交往、行为模式和社区认同四个维度的变化,导致了单位社区"准乡土性"的消失和"城市性"的构建。本文从城市性作为一种城市生活方式的经典理论出发,从不同维度理解单位社区杂化中城市性构建的现象与机制。

Danwei neighborhood as one kind of traditional communities in China has embarked on the ambitious transition characterized by hybridization,which has resulted in profound changes in social space.In the planned economy,dominated by danwei system,housing was considered as a welfare benefit and danwei neighborhood was the dominant socio-spatial unit in Chinese cities.Through danwei-based housing provision,workplace and residence were linked proximately to form self-contained workplace compounds. Neighborhood change in danwei is characterized by hybridization.The core of hybridization is evolution from homogeneity to heterogeneity,which is composed of transition in residential composition dimension,social interaction dimension,community identity dimension and behavior dimension.Hybridization of danwei is marked as the reconstruction of the nature of community.Rethinking the nature of community in danwei,this paper demonstrates that danwei neighborhood is changing from ＂quasi-localism＂ towards ＂urbanism＂. This paper focuses on the neighborhood change of danwei in urban China from the four dimensions of hybridization,and indicates that hybridization of danwei is the process of transition from quasi-localism community to urbanism neighborhood based on the classical theory of urbanism.This paper demonstrates that danwei neighborhood is changing from ＂quasi-localism＂ towards ＂urbanism＂.Hybridization of danwei neighborhood results in profound changes to the whole society.Analyzing neighborhood change of danwei can help to establish a theory for the understanding of social space reconstruction in Chinese cities.Also,community development of danwei neighborhood need to balance the relationship between danwei residents and newcomers,therefore,rethinking the changing of the nature of community in danwei is essential to social planning and neighborhood planning.