石油烃对栉孔扇贝血淋巴细胞DNA损伤的初步研究

Effect of Petroleum Hydrocarbons on DNA Damage of Hemolymph Cells in Scallop Chlamys farreri:A Preliminary Research

为研究石油烃对海洋生物的毒性效应,将栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)暴露于0.08、0.21和0.88mg·L-1石油烃中,采用单细胞凝胶电泳实验(彗星实验)技术检测不同暴露时间扇贝血淋巴细胞的DNA损伤程度,对照组中石油烃背景浓度为0.04mg·L-1。结果显示,低浓度(0.08mg·L-1)的石油烃短期(<7d)内即可导致栉孔扇贝血淋巴细胞的DNA损伤,并且随石油烃浓度的增大和暴露时间的延长,DNA损伤程度增加,石油烃浓度达0.88mg·L-1时,DNA损伤程度已非常严重。3d恢复实验后,各浓度组DNA损伤又均有不同程度的恢复。研究表明,彗星实验是检测石油烃对海洋贝类DNA损伤的一种有效手段,贝类血淋巴细胞DNA损伤有望成为石油烃污染的一种生物标志物,用于海洋污染的早期预警监测。

Abstract： To investigate the toxic effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms,Chlamys farren were exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons at three different concentrations （0.08, 0.21 and 0.88 mg ·L-1）, and the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in control group was 0.04 mg· L- 1. The DNA damage of hemo= lymph cells in Chlamys farreri was detected by single cell gel electrophoresis （comet assay） after different ex- posure times. Results showed that the DNA damage in hemolymph cells of Chlamys farreri was induced by low concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons （0.08 mg·Ll） after short-time exposure （〈 7d）. The DNA dam- age degree increased with the increase of petroleum hydrocarbon concentration and the extension of exposure time. The DNA damage induced by petroleum hydrocarbons was very serious under the concentration of 0.88 mg·L -1. After 3 days recovery, the DNA damage recovered to different degrees in all treatment groups. The comet assay was proven to be a useful tool for detecting DNA damage induced by petroleum hydrocarbons in marine mussels. It is demonstrated that DNA damage in hemolvmDh cells of mussels was a promising biomarker of petroleum hydrocarbons, and could be used in early warning and monitoring of marine pollution.