聊城市乙型脑炎发病危险因素病例对照研究

Case-control study on the risk factors of Japanese B encephalitisin in Liaocheng City

目的寻找聊城市乙脑暴露、发病的主要危险因素,了解疫苗接种等对人群发病的影响情况,提出我市改进乙脑防制工作的建议。方法采用1:2配比病例对照研究方法。利用描述流行病学方法对资料进行描述性分析,Coxregression模型进行条件Logistic回归分析分析。结果共调查病例31例,对照62例。单因素条件Logistic回归分析差异有统计学意义的因素有:家中是否安装纱门纱窗、家中有无盛放脏水容器、家中或周围有无猪或家禽、是否采取室内灭蚊措施、卫生状况、对预防接种的认识、其他疫苗的接种、居住位置7个因素。多因素条件Logistic回归分析显示,家中或周围有猪或家禽、卫生状况、室内灭蚊3个因素进入模型,差异有统计学意义。结论流行季节注意保持室内外环境卫生、消除蚊虫孳生地、加强个人防护,可有效防止乙脑病例的发生。另外仍应加强乙脑疫苗的免疫接种及查漏补种工作。

Objective To find out the main risk factors of Japanese B encephalitis（JE） exposure and incidence in Liaocheng City,understand the effect of vaccination on incidence and explore the prevention and control measures.Method Adopting 1∶ 2 matched case-control study and using descriptive study to carry out analyzing,Cox regression model developed conditional logistic regression analysis.Results Total of 31 cases were investigated,control group were 62 cases.The factors with statistical significance selected by univariate logistic regression analysis were that whether the houses with screen doors or windows,if there were water containers,pigs or poultry were indoors or around,if taking mosquito control measures,people’s health status,knowledge of preventive vaccination,other vaccines vaccination status and living places.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that,house with no pigs or poultry,health status and indoor mosquito control measures had statistical significance.Conclusions Maintaining indoor environmental health,eliminating mosquito breeding grounds and strengthen the individuals protection were the key to prevention the Japanese B encephalitisin in the popular season.In addition,we should enhance the JE immunization and replanting working.