从现代山东方言的共时语音现象看其历时演变的轨迹

On the Evolution of the Speech Sounds in Shandong Dialect from a Synchronic Perspective

方言语音同一时期存在的新老或文白异读、某一字在不同语词中的不同读音,以及不同地区方言之间的读音差异,常常蕴涵着语音系统历时变化的层次。本文试图通过山东方言中所存在的上述种种现象的对比分析,寻求语音演变的某些历史轨迹。通过研究得知,方言中的地名和人名读音、常用的生活用语较多保留早期读音,新词语、读书音则多用新起音。从地域比较中还可以明显看出,山东方言的古今演变的地域走势大多是东西向的,即东部较多保留旧读而往西逐渐转变向共同语靠拢。方言语音演变的事实很难直接考查出历史年代,本文的探讨也只能限于某些过程而难以说明其具体时间。全文分为声母、韵母、声调三部分共八个问题。

Synchronically,there are differences between new and old pronunciation of the same word in different collocations or different regions,which implies different levels of sound change.The paper tries to discover the trace of sound change through the study of the above mentioned issues in Shandong dialect.It is difficult to decide the exact time of sound change in dialects,so what is discussed in the paper is confined to the explanation to some processes of change.