地方政府强制拆迁的成本收益分析

Cost-benefit Analysis on Local Government-led Forced Evictions

我国地方政府在城市化进程中扮演着重要的角色。伴随城市化进程而来的是地方政府主导的强制拆迁行为。地方政府进行强制拆迁面临着有形成本、交易成本、风险成本和公信力成本;但与此同时,地方政府通过强制拆迁又可以获得"第二财政"收益、政绩收益、制度租金收益、灰色租金收益和威慑收益。地方政府之所以采取强制这样"非常规"的拆迁方式,是基于收益最大化或者至少预期拆迁收益大于预期拆迁成本的考虑,地方政府实施强制拆迁行为的动力源在于将收益为正并使之最大化。

Local Government plays an important role in the process of urbanization with urbanization come the local government-led acts of forced evictions. Local government is facing visible costs, transaction costs, risk cost and credibility cost when executing forced evictions. At the same time, local governments can obtain the ＂second financial＂ benefits, per- formance gains, system rental income, grey rental income and deterrence benefits through the forced evictions. The reason why the local government enforces such ＂unconventional＂ way of the demolition is based on the consideration of revenue maximization, or the expected benefits greater than the expected cost of relocation. The power source that pushes local governments to implement forced evictions is maximizing the positive benefit.