“能者多劳”--应对气候变化责任分担的首要原则

“Able Person should do more Work.”:the First Principle Response to Burden-sharing of Climate Change

发达国家要求"世界上增长最快的排放国"承担更大的减排责任,发展中国家要求排放了占全球总排放量80%的二氧化碳的发达国家对应对气候变化承担"主要责任",这些主张体现的是源自污染者负担原则的排放者负担原则。污染者负担符合"谁受益,谁负担"的法理。应对气候变化是人类共同体的利益。维护共同体利益需要共同体成员各尽所能,它表现为家庭伦理中的"兄长担重任"或社区共同体中的"能者多劳"。应对气候变化责任分担的首要原则是能者多劳。我国作为发展中国家,不管是为了避免承受超出自身能力的负担,还是为了实现《联合国气候变化框架公约》的最终目标,都应注意使用能者多劳原则。

Developed countries demand that the world's fastest-growing emitters to assume greater responsibility for emissions reductions.While developing countries require that developed countries accounting for 80% of the total global emissions of carbon dioxide to assume primary responsibility.These propositions present the principle of emission burden which comes from the principle of polluter burden.Polluter burden is in line with the legal principle that who benefits who burdens.Response to climate change is the interests of the human community.Safeguarding community interests requires the members of the community to do their best.The overriding principle to deal with climate change burden-sharing is that'able person should do more work.'As a developing country,China should pay attention to the principle in order to avoid bearing more burden than their own ability,and achieve the ultimate goal in UNFCCC.