信访渠道与法律渠道对接的理论和实践--由劳动争议处理机制切入

The Theory and Practice of Petition's Transformation and Linking up with Legal Proceedings:Based on the Mechanism of Labor Dispute Settlement

信访在现有体制和法治环境下对社会矛盾的缓和与化解有着重要的意义。信访渠道与法律渠道共同化解了广东省近几年来数量一直居高不下的劳动争议进而有效地化解了社会矛盾。由于现有劳动争议处理机制的高成本、低效率及低公正性,劳资间利益争议救济渠道的空缺,司法权威的式微和部分劳动者的效仿信访,出现"信访不信法"的社会怪象。结合广东省的劳动争议处理实践,我国应借鉴两大法系中典型国家的劳动争议处理机制,区分权利争议和利益争议并设计不同的救济渠道,注重政府公信力和法治权威的塑造,分阶段推进兼预防性、中立性、公正性、高效性、刚性和公信力于一身之劳动争议处理机制在内的各种社会利益争议处理机制构建和完善,实现信访在法治轨道下的转型,并反过来成为法治前进的助推器。

Petition has great significance for relaxing and resolving social contradictions in the existing system and constitutionalism.In recent years,petition and legal proceedings have resolved a high number of labor disputes in Guangdong effectively.Because of high-cost,low-efficiency and low-justice of the existing labor dispute settlement,a lack of interests dispute settlement,the decline of judicial authority and some workers' following to petition,some people believe that petition but no legal proceedings,makes us surprised.Based on Guangdong's practice,and the typical mechanism of labor dispute settlement from civil-law system and common-law system,we should progressively distinguish rights disputes and interests disputes,design different remedying ways,focus on shaping the credibility of government and constitutionalism,and set up and improve the interests dispute settlement which is preventive,neutral,impartial,efficient,enforceable and credible.As a result,we will achieve the transformation of the petition under the rule of law tracks,which will becomes the booster of the rule of law in turn.