再论比兴

A Reconsideration of Bi-Xing

比兴是中国古典诗学重要范畴,属诗之六义。分而言之,按朱熹之说,兴是"先言他物以引起所咏之词",有兴会和触物起情的意思;比是"以彼物比此物",简言之即比喻。然而,比兴经常合为一词,或称"比兴手法",就既不是简单的兴,也不是简单的比。而成为一个更大的诗学范畴。一加一大于二,有了更大的内涵:一可以是双关、二可以是比拟、三可以是寓言、四可以是咏物、五可以是囫囵话、六可以是作者无心而读者有意——某些"文字狱"就是这样造成的。

Bi -Xing, a very important category in Chinese classical poetics, belongs to the six senses in the poem. According to Zhu Xi＇s view, Xing is ＂to describe otherness first so as to lead to the word the relevant poem expresses＂ with the meaning of a sudden flash of inspiration and a feeling out of a sight of objects. Bi is to name this thing with another thing, in other word, metaphor. Nevertheless, Bi - Xing unites as one word frequently, or is called ＂Bi-Xing technique＂. In this sense, it is neither simple Xing nor simple Bi, but has a much broader category of poetics. Therefore, it has more connotations, including pun, personification, allegory, chanted objects, blurry words and ＂the writer has no particular intention in saying something but the reader finds his own meaning into it＂ some ＂literary inquisitions＂ are caused by this.