人际隐喻的认知语用研究——以女性话语为视角

The Cognitive-Pragmatic Study of Interpersonal Metaphor:from the Perspective of Female Discourse

隐喻作为一种语言变体,是语言使用者为达到自己的交际意图而采用的一种语用策略。人际隐喻包括语气隐喻和情态隐喻。特定语言形式的使用与语言使用者因素密切相关。在英语语言中,女性在言语风格上有别于男性,其突出表现在人际隐喻的使用上。结构系统方面的差异主要表现在女性大量使用疑问句来表达一个确信无疑的命题,这属于语气隐喻的范畴。另一方面,女性经常使用小句来表示情态意义的情态隐喻,其情态意义的表达表现为具有显性的主观取向和显性的客观取向特征。女性选用语气隐喻可以巧妙地表现间接言语行为所能发挥的双重功效;从礼貌大同策略的角度看,女性使用显性主观或显性客观取向的情态隐喻形式,一方面可以明确表达自己的观点,另一方面又可以增加话语的礼貌级别,对受话人以示礼貌和尊重;从顺应理论的视角来考察,是语境关系与语言结构相顺应的产物,是交际过程中女性顺应交际语境作出的话语选择。

In English language, the female is different from the male in speech style, which is shown in the use of interpersonal metaphor especially. The divergence of structure and system shows that the female uses a large number of interrogative sentences to express a doubtless proposition, which belongs to the category of metaphors of mood. Furthermore, the female usually uses short sentences to express modal metaphors of modal meaning with dominant subjective orientation and objective one. The metaphors of mood the female selects can tactfully express the double effect that indirect speech act plays. From the angel of the strategy of politeness, the format of modal metaphors of dominant subjective orientation and objective one the female uses not only can express their ideas clearly, but also can heighten the politeness level of their speeches, showing politeness and respect to the address- ees. Lastly, form the perspective of adaptation theory, it is a result of the conformability of the context relationship with language structure and the discourse choice the female conforms to the communicative context in the process of communication.