认知和生成学派视角下的构式理论对比研究——以构式语法和第一语段句法为例

A Comparative Study of Cognitive and Generative Constructional Theories:With Special Reference to Construction Grammar and First Phase Syntax

本文是对认知和生成语言学理论中具有代表性的构式理论,即构式语法和第一语段句法的对比研究。分属两个学派的构式理论的共性在于:(1)共有的语义、句法事体分解传统;(2)相似的直接理论动机。两者的差异主要体现在四个方面:(1)构式的种类和意义;(2)动词与构式的关系;(3)论元结构以外的句法操作;(4)语言观。本文以差异为基点,探讨了两个学派的构式理论各自的优势和缺陷,指出两者的兼容性要高于传统的看法,并针对每一点差异提出两者之间相互可借鉴之处。

This paper provides a comparative study of the two constructional theories, i. e. Construction Grammar and First Phase Syntax, which are the representative constructional theories of the eoguitive and generative linguistic schools respectively. The common ground of the two theories lies in two aspects： （1） the shared semantic and syntactic event-decomposition tradition; （2） the similar direct theoretical motivation. Four aspects of distinctive differences are involved： （ 1 ） the types and meaning of constructions; （ 2 ） the relationship between verbs and constructions; （3） the syntactic operation beyond argument structure level; （4） views on language. Based on the discussion of the differences, this paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of both theories, and shows that the two approaches are closer to each other than initially assumed. Suggestions about bridging the gap between the two approaches are also provided at each point of difference.