加里·斯奈德的“砾石成道”表意法研究

Riprapping:Gary Snyder's Ideogrammic Method

汉字表意法始于欧内斯特·费诺罗萨对中国象形文字的研究,后经埃兹拉.庞德对其遗稿整理而发明的一种将表面似无关联的细节或意象并置却能自动生成意义的诗歌技巧,从而给美国诗坛带来了空前的革新变化,影响了一大批美国现代派年轻诗人。与其他作家不同,加里.斯奈德没有直接承袭庞氏表意法,而是受中国古诗的影响独自创作出富有山林生活体验的"砾石成道"表意法,这一技巧在其后来的生态诗歌创作过程中日臻完善。本文主要论述斯奈德表意法的形成、特征及其在诗歌中的具体运用。

The ideogrammic method is invented by Ezra Pound based upon his editing and examining of Ernest Fenollosa＇s manuscript on Chinese ideogram as a vehicle for poetry. It refers to a method of juxtaposing seemingly unrelated particulars or images, but automatically capable of suggesting some ideas or meanings through their intrinsic relations. This Poundian technique brings about a poetic revolution for modem American poetry, which impacts many American young poets. Unlike others, Gary Snyder acquires his ideogrammic method ＂riprapping＂ not from Pound, but directly from Chinese poetry and through his work experience in mountains, which is greatly enhanced in his later literary production. This article is mainly concerned with the formation, features and use of riprapping in Snyder＇s poetry.