应用中国总膳食研究评估中国人膳食铅暴露分布状况

Application of the data from China Total Diet Study to assess the distribution of lead exposure in different age-gender population groups

目的运用中国总膳食研究的方法,结合世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)撤销的每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)的最新评估状况,评价中国居民膳食铅的暴露分布。方法开展2007年中国总膳食研究,利用获得的全国12个省的代表性膳食样品以及膳食调查数据,测定样品中的铅含量,得到中国居民10个性别年龄组的铅暴露量、分布状况、膳食来源以及评价其暴露分布状况。结果中国居民10个性别年龄组的铅的摄入量为48.7～116.7μg/d。2～7岁以及8～12岁组儿童少年的铅暴露情况最不容乐观,其平均值和中位数暴露边界比(MOE)均已小于1(0.1～0.3)。膳食铅的食物来源基本一致,均以谷类和蔬菜类膳食为主,贡献率为57%。结论需要进一步降低中国各性别年龄组的膳食铅暴露,尤其是低年龄组儿童少年。

Objective To assess the distribution of dietary lead exposure in different age-gender groups of Chinese residents by using the data from China Total Diet Study, and combining the new risk assessment and the PTWI withdrawn by JECFA. Methods Combining the lead concentrations of dietary samples with the food consumption data from China Total Diet Study in 2007 to obtain the distribution of dietary intake and dietary source of lead in different age-gender population groups. Results Dietary lead exposure of different age-gender population groups in China was in the range of 48.7-116.7μg/d. The status of higher lead exposure in younger age groups was not optimistic, as the mean and median margins of exposure （MOE） have been less than 1.0 （0. 1 - 0. 3 ）. The main sources of dietary lead were cereals and vegetables, which covering 57% of total lead exposure. Conclusion Lowering the dietary lead exposure of Chinese residents is necessary, especially of infants and children.