扎龙自然保护区景观格局动态变化及其生态风险研究

Landscape pattern dynamic change and ecological risk of Zhalong National Nature Reserve

区域生态风险研究可以为保护区域景观生态系统健康,实现区域资源的合理和可持续利用提供重要科学依据。本文以扎龙自然保护区为研究区,利用遥感手段提取研究区1995年和2010年的景观类型信息,定量分析了不同时期研究区景观格局特征和动态演变规律。根据研究区景观格局变化特点构建研究区景观生态风险指数,对研究区景观生态风险变化特征及演变规律进行分析。研究表明:1995～2010年研究区景观总体格局和各景观类型格局均变化显著;景观生态风险随时间变化而升高,沼泽地、水域和耕地这三类主要景观的生态风险变化是研究区生态风险变化的主导因素。研究区景观生态风险分布大体符合由中心向四周、由高风险向低风险的环形扩散特征。

Research on the regional ecological risk with dynamic changes of landscape pattern can provide an important scientific basis for protecting the health of regional landscape ecological system and realizing the reasonable and sustainable utilization of regional resource. This paper selected Zhalong National Nature Reserve as the study area, got the information of landscape types in 2009 and 2010 by Remote Sensing, and quantitatively analyzed characteristic and dynamic changes of landscape pattern. According to changes of landscape pattern, the paper established the index of landscape ecological risk, analyzed landscape ecological risk in different periods. The result showed that total landscape pattern and landscape types pattern changed a lot from 1999 to 2010. Landscape ecological risk increased with time, and it was the dominant factor in the study area＇s ecological risk changes that wetlands, waters and land of these three major landscapes changed in landscape ecological risk. Landscape ecological risk broadly was in line with the distribution that from the center to the surrounding and the diffusion characteristics of the ring that from high risk to low risk.