论“教”与“学”的五种关系范型

Five Relationship Paradigms of "Teaching" and "Learning"

就"教"与"学"的关系而言,当前大致存在着"少教多学"、"先学后教"、"以学定教"、"教学合一"、"教学相长"五种范型。其中",少教多学"主要表征为一种批判"多教少学"的有效教学理念";先学后教"主要表征为一种突破"先教后学"的课堂教学模式;"以学定教"主要表征为一种反驳"以教定学"的教学活动逻辑;"教学合一"主要表征为一种针对"教学分离"的教学协同意识";教学相长"主要表征为一种超越"教学互损"的教师职业境界。探讨这五种关系范型的理论价值在于构建一个关于中国基础教育教学改革的总体认知框架。

As to the relationship of teaching and learning,there are five ideal paradigms at present： less teaching and more learning;learning before teaching;learning-oriented teaching;integration of teaching and learning;learning by teaching.In comparison,less teaching more learning is a kind of effective teaching idea criticizing more teaching less learning;learning before teaching is a kind of classroom teaching model breaking teaching before learning;learning-oriented teaching is a kind of teaching activity logic retorting teaching-oriented learning;integration of teaching and learning is kind of teaching collaborative consciousness pointing against separation of teaching and learning;learning by teaching is a kind of teachers＇ profession realm transcending mutual harming of teaching and learning.The theoretical value of discussing the five ideal paradigms is to establish a cognitive frame of teaching reform in China.