美国绩效标准本位教师教育课程理念与实践探析

Analysis on American Performance Standards-based Teacher Education Course Change

美国绩效标准本位教师教育课程理念与实践的变革体现为四个维度:教师观,强调教师是从事复杂工作的专业者;知识观,认为教学知识是复杂的情景化知识;教学观,倡导教学要基于情境,以学生为中心展开;评价观,主张教学评价要注重个体发展和整体质量。美国教师教育相关院校和机构依据上述理念,基于自身特点选择并调适相应的教师教育标准,对教师的职责、教学理论及评价方式等进行多方面改革探索,实践中改革者在各维度所做的改变和尝试可为我国教师教育课程标准的优化和教师教育课程的构建与实施提供启示。

There exist four dimensions for the philosophy and practice change of American performance standards-based teacher education courses： the concept of teachers,emphasizing that teachers are the professionals engaged in complex work;the concept of knowledge,regarding that teaching knowledge is a kind of complex contextualized knowledge;the concept of teaching,proposing that teaching is student-centered based on the context;the concept of evaluation,advocating that teaching evaluation should focus on the individual development and overall quality.Based on this idea,the relevant institutions and agencies in American teacher education choose and adjust appropriate teacher education standards to rethink the teachers＇ responsibilities,change teaching and evaluation methods according to their own characteristics.The practices of the reformers＇ changes and explorations on each dimension could provide inspiration for the optimization of our teacher education curriculum standards,and the construction and implementation of the teacher education curriculum.