知识产权保护下服务贸易进口的经济效应分析:一个理论研究框架

An analysis of Economic Effects of Service Import on Condition of Intellectual Property Rights Protection: A Framework of Theoretical Research

本文在借鉴南北贸易理论模型的基础上,从知识产权保护的视角研究了不同模式服务贸易进口的经济效应,并且研究了进口服务品的技术属性在其中发挥的作用。研究发现:(1)对于商业存在模式的服务贸易进口而言,只有发展中国家知识产权保护制度有一个较好的基础时,加强知识产权保护才能够提高发达国家的创新率,发展中国家才能通过服务贸易进口来获得技术溢出,并促进本国的经济增长;(2)在商业存在模式服务贸易进口中,发展中国家知识产权保护的加强对高技术含量服务品进口的刺激力度大于低技术含量服务品进口,从而提升了发展中国家服务贸易进口的技术结构;(3)对于非商业存在模式的服务贸易进口而言,知识产权保护的加强阻碍了发展中国家获得国际技术溢出,不利于经济增长。

Imports may have economic effects on importing country, which include effect of import scale, effect of innovation, effect of technology structure upgrading, and so forth. Based on NorthSouth Trade Theory （Help man, 1993 ） , this paper researches the economic effects of imports of serviee on developing countries. Contribution of this paper mainly includes the following three parts： Firstly, this paper classifies the four different supply modes of trade in services into two sorts which are commercial presence and noncommercial presence, and researches how the imports of services have effects on economic growth in developing countries. Secondly, considering the flaws of previous research that the papers did not take technology heterogeneity of imports into account, this paper reseat ches remedies the defect above. （IPP） on technology structure u Thirdly, this paper researches the effect of intellectual property rights protection pgrading in developing countries.This paper draws conclusions as follows： Firstly, whether imports of services have economic effects on developing countries on condition of strengthening IPP by means of commercial presence or not is determined by the initial level of IPP. Only when developing countries have fairly good basis of IPP, strengthening IPP can increase the inno vation in developed countries, and then increase the import scale, bring technology spillover effect, and supply enough knowledge stocks to developing countries for independent innovation. Secondly, as for imports of services by means of commercial presence, strengthening IPP has more significance in promoting imports of hightech service products than lowtech ones, and this will increase the technology structure of imports of services. Thereby, develo ping countries tend to obtain technology spillover from imports of hightech service products. Thirdly, as for imports of services by means of noncommercial presence, strengthening IPP in developing countries is not in favor of imports of services or technology spillover from developed developing countries to carry out independent innov countries into developing countries, and it has negative effect for ation by means of technology spillover effect from imports of services.services through the mode of commercial presence, and obtain technological profit. Secondly, in the short term, developing countries should take different targeted measures according to service industries and service products with various characteristics. Specifically speaking, firm IPP should be taken in service industries in which the mode of commercial presence is frequently used, vice verse. Thirdly, in the long term, developing countries should grad ually strengthen IPP in all aspects, and this is supported by two reasons. In the first place, according to the esti mate of UNCTAD in 2007, the proportion of trade in services through the mode of commercial presence to total amount of trade in service is about 50% in the world. With the global adjustment of industry structure and upgrade of it, more and more foreign direct investment are attracted into services, and the mode of commercial presence will be used in trade in services more and more frequently. Consequently, strengthening IPP contributes to accelerate economic growth by the mode of commercial presence. In the second place, as far as China is concerned, upgrade of technology structure of services is the key route to transfer the pattern of economic development ning IPP contributes to achieve the goal of technology structure upgrade. Hence, strengthening IPP to promote economic growth when China develops economy through services. , and strengthe is a feasible way