摆杆约束往复活塞式无油润滑空气压缩机的研究

Study on an Oscillating Rod Restrained Oil-free Lubrication Reciprocating Piston Air Compressor

提出一种新型往复活塞式无油润滑空气压缩机,在传统曲柄连杆机构的基础上增设一个摆杆机构,以此约束连杆和活塞以近乎直线往复的方式进行工作,从而缓解活塞及密封环对气缸的侧压力与敲击强度。与传统机型相比较,新型压缩机摩擦功减小了7.4%,噪声下降约1dB(A),密封环寿命提高约10%,高度降低24%。建立了新型压缩机的数学模型,对其摆杆约束机构的特性进行了分析。研究表明:增设摆杆可以大幅度地减小活塞及密封环相对于气缸的摆动幅度,有利于降低它们对气缸的侧压力和敲击强度;另外,曲柄的运转方向对摆杆机构的运动学特性和动力学特性影响较为明显,将机构的急回行程与压缩机的进气行程呼应设置有利于改善摆杆的受力状况。

A new oil--free--reciprocating piston air compressor was proposed. In the new type of compressor, an oscillating rod mechanism was used to ensure the connecting rod and piston working in closely straight reciprocating motion, so that the knocking and side pressure between the cylinder and the piston were decreased significantly. Compared with traditional compressor, the height of the new compressor is reduced by 24% while the noise and friction power are decreased by 7.4% and ldB （A） respectively and the seal ring lifetime is increased by about 10%. A mathematic model was established and the operation characteristics of the oscillating rod were analyzed. The theoretical studies show that the swing amplitude of the piston and seal ring are decreased significantly and the knocking strength and side pressure of cylinder wall are reduced because of the restriction of the oscillating rod, and that the rod＇s loading condition can be improved by setting the mechanism＇s quick-return trip correspondence to the compressor＇s suction stroke.