给水管网生物膜反应器及分子生物学研究方法进展

Progress on Research Methods of Biofilm Reactor and Molecular Biology in Drinking Water Distribution

饮用水在经管道输送到用户的过程中,微生物附着到管网内壁生长形成生物膜。生物膜的存在会引起一系列水质问题如病原菌的生长、色度和浊度的变化、管道的腐蚀等,对人类饮用水安全构成威胁。而且生物膜对消毒剂有顽强的抗性,一旦形成就难以控制。所以生物膜一直是给水管网研究的热点和难点。但是给水管网中生物膜的实际采样研究比较困难,而且实际取样无法连续监测生物膜形成的动态变化过程,因此用反应器实验模拟研究生物膜显得尤为重要。另外,随着技术的进步,研究给水管网生物膜不仅仅局限于传统的培养方法,还出现了一些新手段如现代分子生物学技术和显微镜图像分析技术,以便更加科学、合理地了解给水管网生物膜,从而保障城市供水的安全。文章重点介绍几种常见的用于研究给水管网生物膜的反应器及生物膜的研究方法,并对其原理及优缺点作了简要的讨论。

Microorganisms attach to the inner surface of drinking water network and form biofilms during delivery to endpoint consumers. The biofilms lead to series of water quality problem such as growth of pathogenic bacteria, undesirable color and turbidity, pipeline corrosion, which would arouse a potential health risk. Moreover the organisms are protected from disinfectant once integrated in drinking water biofilms, therefore the biofilms are always the hot and difficult research subject of drinking water distribution systems. However biofilms in the real distribution are difficult to be obtained, and their dynamic formation cannot be continuously monitored, so biofilms with model rector in labs are very important. With the development of technologies, cultivation method is not the only technique used to study the biofilms, and new research tools like modem molecular methods and microscopic image techniques are introduced, which provide a scientific and reasonable understanding of biofilms, thereby guarantee security to high quality drinking water. A comprehensive overview of several common model reactors and their working principles, advantages and disadvantages were discussed.