有机氯农药微生物降解技术研究进展

Progress in Degradation of Organo-chlorinated Pesticides by Microorganism

文章综述了有机氯农药的污染化学特征、环境介质中的分布水平、降解功能微生物的种类以及典型有机氯农药的降解途径等,并对有机氯农药微生物降解相关的酶和基因以及降解机理进行了重点讨论。参与有机氯农药微生物降解过程的酶主要有脱氯化氢酶、水解酶和脱氢酶三种,它们通过共代谢,中间协同代谢或矿化等作用完成降解过程。相关降解基因主要是Lin家族基因,包括LinA～LinJ的10个典型功能基因编码。微生物降解有机氯农药的机理主要包括矿化作用、共代谢作用、种间协同代谢作用、活化作用和间接作用等,其中矿化过程包括氧化、还原、水解、脱水、脱卤和裂解等生化反应。由于有机氯农药的持久性和广泛污染性,其降解机理及中间产物的类型、毒性以及新型降解菌的效能开发仍是该领域今后的研究重点。

This paper reviewed the recent research advances in organo-chlorinated pesticide degradation by microorganism, focusing on topics such as enzyme, gene and the biodegradation mechanism. Main enzymes introduced in this paper refered to de-hydro-chlorination enzyme, hydrolytic enzyme and dehydrogenase, and the genes related were ten Lin family genes including the typical functional codes from Lin A to J. Owing to the difficulties involved in controlling pollution of organo- chlorinated pesticides in terms of their extent of application and persistence in the environment, the paper made suggestions for strengthening the research in this area.