生态系统服务冲突及权衡的研究进展

Progress on Trade-offs in Ecosystem Services

生态系统提供了人类生活所需的各种产品,支撑和维护人们赖以生存的生态环境。由于人类对自然生态系统认识不足和使用不当,各种生态系统服务之间出现了冲突矛盾,限制着彼此的发挥,因此,权衡不同生态系统服务之间的关系具有重要意义。文章首先分析了冲突权衡(trade-off)产生的原因、类型差异和研究意义,接下来总结了冲突权衡分析方法进展、应用情况、有待解决的问题和未来重点研究方向。尽管对于生态系统服务的认识,尤其是价值评估已经得到了充分研究,但是生态系统服务的冲突与权衡还处于起步阶段,文章总结了当前生态系统服务权衡的热点问题,包括主要的权衡分析方法以及应用领域,提出展望和建议。未来的研究重点在以下2个方面:第一,深入研究各服务相互关联的作用因子和作用机制;第二,如何综合运用已知条件和方法,构建一个科学合理的权衡模式。

Ecosystems not only provide a variety of products required for human life, but also support and maintain the ecological environment of the people. However there are sorts of conflicts in ecosystem services, limiting each others＇ function, and regulating the conflicts between ecosystem services is important to ecosystem research. Trade-off theory including causes and types were analyzed, progress on trade-off analysis method, application, issues to be resolved and future research directions were summarized. Although the understanding of ecosystem services, especially value assessment has been fully studied, the study on trade-offs between different ecosystem services is still in its infancy. Current hot issues of ecosystem services including methods and applications were described, and proposals were made on further studies such as interrelated factors and mechanisms of action as well as how to integrate the known conditions and methods to build a scientific trade-off model.