国际环境政策协调中的扩散机制

The Diffusion Mode in the International Environmental Policy Coordination

在缺乏中心政治权威的无政府状态中,国际体系中的各行为体如何对自身的利益认知、目标偏好和政策行动作出相互调整,最终在国际层面实现某种程度的政策趋同?不同于以往"自上而下"的强制性协调机制,一种"自下而上"的扩散性机制在"后里约时代"的国际环境政策协调中发挥显著作用。在外界的强制力以及国际协定的约束力缺失的状态下,各个国家通过对先驱国家的政策效法和学习内化,自愿并且单边地采取了相似的环境创新政策。通过系统分析来探讨扩散过程的动力机制,并通过层次分析的方法,综合考察影响政策扩散的各种具体制约因素。

The international policy coordination theory aims to analyze that in the anarchical situation which lack of central political authority, how and why the different actors in the international system make mutual adjustments of their own interest cognitions , goal preferences and policy actions, and finally to realize the international- level policy convergence to a certain degree. Different from the ＂up -bottom＂ way of coercion mode and cooperation mode, the ＂bottom -up＂ diffusion mode has played increasing significant role in the＂Post- Rio Era＂ international environmental policy coordination. In the absence of external coercion constraint and international agreements regulation, many countries voluntarily and unilaterally adopt the same or similar environmental policy innovation to realize the international environmental policy convergence through policy mimetic emulation and policy learning of pioneering countries. This paper aims to systematically analyze the dynamic mechanisms of diffusion mode by exploring three mechanisms： regulation competition, normative competition and policy learning. Then the author adopts level - analysis method to make a comprehensive research on the influencing factors on the diffusion process from three dimensions： policy characteristic itself, domestic level and international level.