论文官群体在20世纪英美两国社会政治生活中的作用

On the Role of the Civil Service Group in the Social Political Life of UK and US

本文从对政党政治的"超脱"、对政府权力的"制衡"和对社会利益的"调和"等三个方面,综合考察了文官群体在20世纪英美两国社会政治生活中的作用。作者认为,作为英美两国民主政治两大支柱之一的常任文官制度的建立,不仅解决了此前由于两党轮流执政而带来的政府官员大换班和政治的周期性震荡、政府工作的无序、行政的低效及政治腐败等问题,同时伴随20世纪英美两国历史的演进及文官制度的进一步健全与完善,在这一制度保障下的文官职业群体,由于其地位和身份的特殊性,则对英美两国社会政治生活产生了越来越重要的影响。

This article comprehensively examines the role of the civil service group in the social political life of UK and US from three aspects—its ＂transcendence＂ of the party politics,＂balancing＂ of the governmental power and ＂harmonizing＂ the social interest.Authors state that as one of two pillars of British-American democracy,the civil service has solved some problems regarding political shocks,governmental disorders,executive lower efficiencies and political corruptions under the ＂patronage＂ and the ＂spoils＂ times.More importantly,authors point out that with the development of these two countries,especially,with the perfection of the civil service,based on its advantages on the status and position,the civil service group has been playing an important role in the social political life of UK and US.