中国森林健康风险研究进展

Research Progress of China's Forest Health Risk

为了摸清影响中国森林健康的各风险因子,笔者先明晰了森林健康的内涵,认为理想的健康森林应是在森林火灾、有害生物灾害(植物、病、虫害等)、气象灾害、空气污染、林木采伐等众多风险因素影响下,森林的正常生长不会因此受到威胁,且具有一定的抵抗能力,同时森林所具有的涵养水源、游憩、野生动物保护、提供木材、自我更新等功能和价值不会因此受到影响;再分析了影响目前中国森林健康的各风险因子;同时,论述了国内外关于森林健康风险研究仍面临亟待解决的问题;最后,从森林健康风险指标体系的建立、森林健康风险各主因子对森林造成损失的评测、森林健康风险各主因子保险费率的厘定、森林林种、林分结构及森林产业结构调整、森林健康管理政策等方面瞻望了中国森林健康风险研究的前景,认为该研究是中国现在和未来森林健康可持续发展的重要任务,也能为中国未来森林资源管理提供更有效的方法。

In order to clarify each factor influencing China’s forest health condition, the author firstly analyzed the connotation of forest health and concluded that the ideal healthy forests were those that had certain resistance and could normally grow without being threatened by factors such as forest fire, harmful organisms （plants, pestilence, insect pests, and so on）, meteorological disasters, air pollution and deforestation. Meanwhile, the function or value of forest including underground water, recreation location, wild animal protection, wood supply and self-updating would not be affected. It then analyzed all factors influencing China’s forest health and illustrated all the urgent problems confronting research on forest health risks. Finally it envisioned the research on China’s forest health from the aspects of forest health risk indicator system establishment, evaluation of each forest health risk indicator’s influence on forest damage or losses, regulation of insurance rate of each forest health risk indicator, forest category, forest structure, forest industry structure adjustment and forest health management policy. It was believed that this research was significant for the sustainable development of forest health and could provide efficient methods for management of future forest resources.