306例β-内酰胺类抗菌药物不良反应报告分析

Adverse drug reaction reports analyses of β-lactams antibacterial drugs in 306 cases

目的了解我院β-内酰胺类抗菌药物不良反应(ADR)发生的情况和特点,为临床安全、合理用药提供参考。方法收集我院β-内酰胺类抗菌药物ADR报告306例,按患者年龄、性别、涉及药物种类、给药方式、ADR发生时间、ADR损害器官、主要临床表现、关联性评价等,进行信息汇总、分析。结果 306例报告中,男145例,女161例。2～20岁发生率最高(39.21%)。涉及6类β-内酰胺类药物,以头孢菌素类为主(169例,占55.23%),β-内酰胺酶抑制剂复合制剂次之(80例,占36.14%)。引起ADR的主要给药途径为静脉给药(280例,占91.5%)。ADR主要损害器官为皮肤及其附件损害,占55.23%;新的、严重的ADR报告62例,占20.26%。关联性评价都为"可能"以上,其中"肯定"报告22例。结论加强医院β-内酰胺类抗菌药物ADR的报告和监测工作,及时总结有价值的ADR报告信息并通报给临床,可以避免或减少其ADR的重复发生,提高临床用药水平,节约患者的治疗成本。

Objective To understand the occurrence and characteristics of adverse drug reaction（ADR）of β-lactams antibacterial drugs in our hospital,and provide reference for safe and rational drug use in clinic.Methods 306 ADR reports were collected and analyzed according to the patient′s age and gender,drug types,medication method,ADR time,damage to organs,major clinical manifestations and relevance.Results There were 145 males and 161 females in 306 ADR reports.The occurrence rate was highest in 2~20 year-old patients（39.21%）.Six kinds of β-lactams were involved with cephalosporin in first place（169 cases,55.23%）.β-lactamase inhibitors compounds took second place（36.14%）.Intravenous administration was the main route（280 cases,91.5%）.The main organs damaged by ADR were skin and its attachments（55.23%）.There were 62 cases（20.26%）of new and serious ADR reports.The relevance of all reports was more than＂possible＂by relevance evaluation with 22＂sure＂ reports.Conclusion The ADR report for β-lactams should be strengthened,and the valuable ADR report information should be summarized and communicated to clinic as soon as possible to avoid or reduce the reoccurrence of ADR,improve clinic drug use,and save the treatment costs of patients.