旅游研究中的三种社会心理学视角之比较

A Comparative Analysis of the Three Social Psychological Perspectives in Tourism Research

旅游是一个新兴的研究领域,需要从其他学科引入相关的理论和方法来推动自身的成熟与发展。旅游感知、态度和行为是旅游研究的重要领域之一,直接关系到旅游业的健康持续发展。在过去数十年间,社会心理学的社会交换理论和社会表征理论为这一领域的研究提供了有力的理论支撑。相对剥夺理论是一种二战以后逐渐发展起来的社会心理学理论,在社会弱势群体的心理失衡和疏导机制研究方面有较强的解释能力。本文通过对旅游研究中的既有社会心理学视角剖析的基础上,分析了相对剥夺的内涵和旅游发展中的相对剥夺现象,进而比较了相对剥夺理论与既有社会心理学理论视角的独特性和互补性。作为一种新的社会心理学视角,相对剥夺理论在旅游地相对剥夺感的表现形式、成因、疏导机制和定量测量等方面有较大的应用价值和潜力。

As a relatively new academic research field, tourism research needs to borrow theories and methodologies from other relevant disciplines to promote its progress. Tourism perception, attitude, and behavior are important fields for researches, and are significant to the sustainable development of the industry. Over the past few decades, some social psychological theories, such as Social Exchange Theory and Social Representation Theory, have been introduced to tourism research and have provided strong theoretical underpinning for the research of tourism issues. Social deprivation theory is one type of social psychological theories born after the World War Ⅱ , which is a powerful analytical tool for the research of psychological unbalance of social disadvantaged group. After examining the existing social psychological perspectives on tourism research, the authors make an introduction to the relative deprivation theory and the relative deprivation phenomenon in tourism development, and then analyze its uniqueness and complementarity in the existing social psychological perspectives. The authors conclude that Relative Deprivation Theory is a type of new social psychological perspective on tourism research and has particular values and potentials in the status quo, casual analysis, counseling, and quantitative measuring of relative deprivation issues in given tourism destinations.