车用永磁同步电机径向电磁振动特性

Radial electromagnetic vibration model characteristics of PMSMs for electric vehicles

随着转速升高和负载加重,车用高功率密度永磁同步电机的电磁振动和噪声问题逐渐突出,同时电动汽车对机械振动和噪声强度的限制却更加严格。针对这一问题,建立永磁同步电机沿空间分布的径向力波解析式,从电磁力波角度研究分析永磁同步电机电磁振动成因,并分析其分布规律以及电磁振动相关的影响因素。同时,进行两种实验样机的机械有限元分析,获取模态振型和频率特征的详细分析数据。最后,对实验样机高速下的振动和噪声特性进行实验测量和数值分析,验证了径向电磁力波解析式以及模态分析结论与实验测试数据频谱特征的一致性。

With the increase of speed and load, the vibration and acoustic noise problem of the high pow- er-density motors for electric vehicles have become much more severe, and at the same time electric vehi- cles have much stricter requirements on the vibration and acoustic noise than other applications. Aiming at this problem, radial electromagnetic force wave model of the high power-density permanent magnet syn- chronous motors was deduced and the causes of electromagnetic vibration and acoustic noise were re- searched from the view of force wave; the distribution law and influential factors relevant to the electro- magnetic vibration were also researched. Meanwhile, mechanical finite element analysis （FEA） was used to obtain the modal shape and frequency characteristics of two types of prototype motors. Finally, vibra- tion and acoustic noise characteristics of prototype motors at high speed were measured and numerically analyzed, which has validated the good consistency in the radial electromagnetic force wave model, modal analysis and experimental measurements.