蜀汉无当飞军族属初探

A Tentative Study of the Tribe Belong of Wudang Rapid Troop in the Shu-Han Kingdom

无当飞军是蜀汉一支战斗力强悍的职业兵,按照《华阳国志.南中志》的记载,它的主体由青羌组成。后人论及蜀汉军事、兵制、民族关系和民族政策等方面时,大多都会提及无当飞军,并对《华阳国志》中的记载引用不疑。但青羌的主要聚居地在蜀汉时的汉嘉郡而非南中,亦并无可靠文献资料证明其曾大规模迁徙南下,因此南中并不存在可称为种落的青羌人。而诸葛亮抽调南中劲卒,在补充兵源之外还有削弱南中叛乱势力根基的考虑,因此无当飞军的主体不应是青羌,似乎为越巂郡氂牛羌比较合理。

Wudang Rapid Troop was a powerful troop of professional soldiers with combat effectiveness of the Shu -Han Kingdom, and mainly composed of the Black Qiang people, according to the Chronicles of Huayang ？ Nanzhong Records. So whenever people in the later generations are talking about military forces, military system, ethnic relations and national policy of the Shu - Han Kingdom, most of them will mention about the Wudang Rapid Troop with no doubt what is recorded in the Chronicles of Huayang. However, as the main settlements of the Black Qiang people were in Hanjia Prefecture instead of Nanzhong and there are no reliable documents to prove that the Black Qiang people once migrated south in a large scale, there was no such a tribe known as the Black Qiang peo- ple in Nanzhong. In addition, Zhuge Liang transferred the crack force out of Nanzhong on consideration of not only supplementary sources of troops, but also weakening the foundation of rebel forces in Nanzhong. So the main body of the Wudang Rapid Troop couldn＇ t be the Black Qiang people ; more reasonably, it seems that they were the Yak Qiang people from Yuesui Prefecture.