不同环境下花椰菜农艺性状的杂种优势分析

Analysis of heterosis for agronomic traits in cauliflower(Brassica oleracea L.var.botrytis L.) at different environments

利用包括基因与环境互作的加性—显性遗传模型对6个花椰菜品种(系)完全双列杂交实验的2年观察资料进行单球重、球径、球高、成熟期、株高、株幅和叶片数等农艺性状的杂种优势分析。结果表明,年份间的环境差异对亲本和F1的表现影响较小,F1农艺性状的平均值与其双亲平均值显著相关;单球重、球径、球高和成熟期以加性效应为主,通过早代选择可取得较好的改良效果,株高、株幅和叶片数以显性效应为主,且具有较大的环境互作效应,以高世代选择为好;单球重、株高、株幅和叶片数的杂种优势以正值为主,成熟期的杂种优势以负值为主,利用杂种优势可改良这5个农艺性状,球径仅测到环境互作优势,环境条件的变化对球径表现影响较大,在本研究中未测到球高的杂种优势。

An additive-dominant genetic model with genotype-environment（GE） interaction was employed to heterosis analysis of head weight,head diameter,head height,maturity,plant height,plant spread width and leaf number in cauliflower,based on 2-year data from 6×6 diallel crosses.The results indicated that the effect of environmental deviation of different years on agronomic traits of parents and F1 was less.The correlation between mean values of agronomic traits in F1 and parents mean values were significant.These traits could be improved by selection in early generations for head weight,head diameter,head height and maturity which were mainly affected by additive effects.However,the selection effects were prone to be affected by the dominance effects and genotype×environment interaction effects for plant height,plant spread width and leaf number.Therefore the improvement effects would be better for these traits by conducting selections in advanced generations.The total heterosis of head weight,plant height,plant spread width and leaf number was positive value and maturity was negative value for improvement of these traits breeding in cauliflower.There was only genotype×environment interaction heterosis detected for head diameter,the selection effects were easily affected by the various environments.There was no heterosis detected for head height.