《儿女英雄传》中的副词“都”及其语法化

The Adverb “Dou” and Its Grammaticalization in “The Children Heroes”

《儿女英雄传》是《红楼梦》通向现代北京话的中途站,通过它可以了解汉语在19世纪中期的基本面貌。当时,副词"都"已具备表示范围和表示语气等用法,其语气副词用法中有一类兼表已然义。根据《儿女英雄传》中反映的语言事实和语法化的一般规律,副词"都"的语法化路径应该为"范围副词→语气副词→兼表已然义的语气副词"。

Abstract：Chinese in “The Children Heroes” is an intermediate station for “Dream of Red Mansions” leading to modern Beijing dialect, through which we can know the basic features of Chinese in the 19th Century. The adverb “Dou（都）”has the usages of scope adverb and tone adverb. In its tone adverb usage, there is a sub- category which expresses achieved meaning. According to the general laws of grammaticalization and the language facts in the book, the grammaticalization approach of the adverb “ Dou （都）” is： scope adverb-tone adverb-tone adverb with achieved meaning.