石油污染湿地土壤生物修复研究进展

Research Progress on Bioremediation of Petroleum-contaminated Soils in Wetlands

从石油污染湿地土壤生物修复的植物修复、微生物修复和植物—微生物联合修复3方面综合阐述了国内外该领域的研究现状。在采用植物进行石油污染湿地修复时,选择湿地环境下典型植物或者能适应湿地特殊环境的植物品种是常用的也是有效的方法之一。在采用微生物进行石油污染湿地修复时,主要通过投加外源微生物和改变环境因素或施加营养元素刺激土著微生物等方式。植物—微生物联合修复石油污染湿地的方法,则是利用微生物自身作用促进植物生长,从而增加植物吸收、降解污染物的能力。由于植物或微生物的生长对污染物浓度有一个耐受极限,植物和微生物修复的效果主要取决于石油污染物浓度。为此,将湿地的石油污染浓度降到植物—微生物可降解范围内,并提高联合修复的降解效率,将是今后石油污染湿地土壤生物修复研究的重点。

The domestic and foreign studies about bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soils in wetlands from 3 aspects were summarized, i.e. phytoremediation, microbial remediation and phyto-microbial remedia- tion in the paper. It was an effective method to select the typical wetland plant species which can be suitable to grow in special environment of wetland in the phytoremediation for petroleum-contaminated soils in wet- lands. When microbial remediation applied, the primary methods were to increase exogenous microorganisms and to stimulate the indigenous microbial by changing environmental conditions or increasing nutrients. The phyto-microbial remediation can promote plant growth because of microbial functions, further could increase the plant ability to uptake and degrade of pollutants. Nevertheless, the remediation results of phytoremediation and microbial remediation were much depends on the petroleum concentration of soils in wetlands because there was a tolerance limit of pollutant concentrations for both plant and microbial. Therefore, It would be be- come the future focus of the bioremediation study for petroleum-contaminated soils in wetlands that lowering petroleum pollution concentrations within the biodegradable scope of plants and microbial and improving the efficiency of the degradation of combined plants and microbial.