从“本土化”到“乡村化”——中国早期合作主义的流变与归宿

From Chinese Characteristic to Rural Characteristic:The Variation and Destination of Early Chinese Corporatism

在中国合作运动发展的萌芽与实验时期(1912-1927年),西方合作主义思想的各个流派都曾在中国获得实验机会,但中国社会经济环境的现实需求最终使"农业合作中心论"获得衍生滋长的际遇,成为影响以后20余年中国乡村发展的主要经济政策和推动小农经济变革的因素之一。中国合作运动从以城市消费合作为主体演化为以农业合作为主体的合作运动的过程即合作主义楔入中国乡村、演变为一项乡村经济运动的过程。早期合作主义的这一流变过程也就是中国合作运动发展方向的选择与定位过程,可称为中国合作运动的"乡村化"。这也是中国共产党领导下的农业互助合作运动发端的思想渊源之一。

During1912-1927, when the germination and experimentation period of Chinese cooperative movement, every genres of western Corporatism had the chance to experiment. But because of realistic economic circumstance of China, only agricultural cooperation had the chance to develop and enlarge at last, Subsequently, it became the main economic policy in 20 years subsequently and one of factors that promoting farm economics change. Based on predecessors＇ studies, this paper discussed the process that Chinese cooperative movement became agricultural cooperation movement from consumption cooperative movement in cities, the process that it wedged into country and became an impor{ant rural economic policy of the National Government at last. The process of variation and renascence of Chinese Corporatism early was the choice and orientation process also. It might be called Rural Characteristic process. At the same time, it is also the ideological origins of C.C. P＇ s agricultural mutual-aid and cooperative movement.