雷电地闪探测单元的研制

Development of Lightning Detection Unit

介绍了大气电场和雷电地闪磁场探测的原理和意义,采用平板天线接收大气电场信号、正交环形天线接收雷电脉冲磁场信号,设计的自动增益放大电路扩大了输入雷电信号的动态范围,设计的线性相位的低通滤波器滤除云闪等干扰成分,并基于FPGA平台实现了两路磁场和一路电场信号的波形采集和存储,完成了雷击强度、雷电极性、波头到达时间、回击次数及回击强度、方位角等雷电特征量的提取,实现了在探测站硬盘上存储雷电特征量和波形数据,最后给出雷电地闪探测单元主要设计指标。

This paper introduces the principle and significance of atmospheric electric field and lightning magnetic field measuring. In the design of the lightning detection unit, plate antenna is used to measure atmospheric field and orthogonal dual-loop antenna is used to measure lightning magnetic field. Programmable Gain Amplifier is designed to enlarge lhe input dynamic range. Low pass filter with linear phase is designed to filter out jam signals such as some from intra-eloud Lightning. Waveform acquisition and storage of two magnetic channels and one electric channel can be performed based on FPGA. It is designed to extract characteristic quantities of lightning waveform such as strength value, polarity, arrival time of lightning, stroke numbers and stroke strength values, position angle of lightning etc. In addition, characteristic parameters of lightning and waveform data can be stored in hard disk of acquisition station. Lastly this paper gives performance indexes of this lightning detection unit.