越冬期升温幅度和持续时间对冬小麦生长发育的影响

Effects on Growth Characters of Winter Wheat with Increasing Temperature and Duration during Overwintering

利用暖棚加1层或2层薄膜,调节冬小麦越冬期间温度,探讨升温对冬小麦生长发育的影响。设温度为CK、CK+2℃、CK+4℃,分别处理冬小麦30、60、90、120d。结果表明,冬小麦的生育性状随着温度的升高和持续时间的延长而变化,表现为分蘖数增多,与CK相比,CK+2℃和CK+4℃处理30d,分蘖数分别增加2.3%和17.4%;处理60d,分别增加25.1%和46.5%;处理90d,分别增加19.7%和32.1%;分蘖的两极分化过程提早,与CK相比,CK+2℃和CK+4℃处理的抽穗期分别提早6d和10.3d;成熟期分别提早9.3d和15.3d;穗分化过程加速,株高增加,抽穗期和成熟期提早。以升高2℃、持续时间60d的冬小麦生长发育最好,产量最高,比CK高18.2%;持续时间为120d的冬小麦表现最差,株高不整齐,产量最低,比CK低46.1%。

The temperature during winter wheat overwintering was raised by adding a layer or two layers of film to the greenhouse,and than the impact of warming on winter wheat growth and development was explored.The winter wheat was treated by normal temperature（CK）,CK＋2℃ and CK＋4℃ for 30 days,60 days,90 days and 120 days,respectively.The results showed that the production traits of winter wheat changed with temperature increased and the duration prolonged.The tillers increased under CK＋2℃ and CK＋4℃ treatments,by 2.3% and 17.4% with duration of 30 days,25.1% and 46.5% with duration of 60 days,19.7% and 32.1% with duration of 90 days,compared with CK.Increasing temperature accelerated the tiller polarization and spike developing.The heading date was 6 d and 10.3 d earlier,and the maturity date was 9.3 d and 15.3 d earlier than CK with CK＋2℃ and CK＋4℃ treatments.At the temperature of CK＋2℃,winter wheat showed the best growth state and the highest yield（increased by 18.2%） with duration of 60 days,and showed the worst characters and the lowest yield（decreased by 46.1%） with duration of 120 days.