承德市沙尘灾害时空分布特征及成因探讨

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Sand-dust Hazards and Its Influence Factors in Chengde City

利用1991-2010年承德市9个气象站的气象数据和相关社会经济资料,采用统计学和相关分析的方法,详细分析了承德市沙尘灾害的时空分布特征及其形成原因。结果表明:承德市沙尘灾害在时间分布上以2000-2002年出现最为频繁,2005年以后沙尘灾害又呈上升趋势,春季为1a中沙尘灾害出现最为集中的时期;在空间分布上,沙尘灾害发生频率具有从西北向东南沿河谷走向递减的特征。沙尘灾害的产生主要受大风日数的影响,其为关键气象因子,地形要素和地表覆被状况也对沙尘灾害发生产生重要影响。

Based on meteorological data and relevant socioeconomic information from 9 weather stations in Chengde city from 1991 to 2010,spatiotemporal characteristics of sand-dust hazard and its influence factors were analyzed.The results indicated that in temporal distribution sand-dust hazard occurred most frequently in 2000-2002,which had a rise trend after 2005,and spring was the most concentrated period of sand-dust hazard in a year.In spatial scale,the occurrence frequency of sand-dust hazard decreased along the river valley from northwest to southeast.Sand-dust hazard was influenced mainly by the number of gale days,which was the key meteorological factor.Topography factor and land cover condition also had an important impact on the occurrence of sand-dust hazard.