拮抗乳酸菌的筛选及其对黄瓜炭疽病的防治效果

Screening of Antagonistic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Its Control Effect on Collectotrchum orbiculare

为了探讨乳酸菌对植物病害的生防作用,从食品中筛选植物病原拮抗乳酸菌,并研究其对13种植物病原菌的抑菌效果及对黄瓜炭疽病的室内和田间防治效果。采用不同的乳酸菌培养基,从豆腐乳和泡菜中分离、筛选出8株不同的乳酸菌。抑菌测定结果表明,各菌株对黄瓜炭疽病菌均有一定的拮抗作用,其中以L2拮抗作用最强,L3和L8次之。从中筛选出拮抗乳酸菌L2作为黄瓜炭疽病的生防菌,室内测定结果表明,该菌对黄瓜炭疽病菌的抑菌率为43.67%,稀释10倍的发酵滤液对病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用优于对照10 000个单位的农抗120液,盆栽和温室小区接种L2的防病效果分别为62.98%和54.19%,与农抗120液的效果相当。研究还发现,L2对供试的其余12种病原菌均有抑菌效果,其中对烟草赤星病菌、玉米大斑病菌和黄瓜灰霉病菌的抑菌效果最好。因此,乳酸菌对于植物病原菌具有一定的防治效果。

In this study,antagonistic lactic acid bacteria were screened from food,and then were tested for the inhibitory effect on 13 plant pathogens and the control effect on Collectotrchum orbicularewith both indoor and field control experiments.Eight isolates were isolated from different food using various medium.The inhibitory test results showed that all the lactic acid bacteria displayed a certain inhibitory effect on C.orbiculare,in which the antagonistic effect of L2 was the best and the next were L3 and L8.Among them L2 strain was selected for further study on its antagonism against C.orbiculare.Indoor assay results showed that the inhibitory rate reached 43.67%,and the fermentation filtrate diluted at ten times showed stronger inhibitory effect than 10 000 units of antibiotics 120.The results of plot and greenhouse experiments indicated that the control effect of L2 reached 62.98% and 54.19%,respectively,equivalent to that of antibiotics 120.L2 also had control effects against the other 12 test pathogens,during which it showed good effects on Botrytis cinerea,Exserohilum turcicum and Alternaria alternate.In a word,lactia acid bacteria have certain control effects on plant pathogens.