论间接代理委托人介入权的行使——兼谈《合同法》第403条第1款的完善

On Right of Intervention of the Principal in Indirect Agency

我国《合同法》第403条第1款关于委托人介入权的权利范围、行使条件和例外的规定比较粗糙。以比较法为视角特别是借鉴英美法系的经验,委托人行使介入权的条件是,由于丧失偿债能力或由于第三方原因致使不能向委托人履行义务或不完全履行义务。为避免委托人滥用介入权,委托人只能行使代理人代表本人从第三方取得的权利。此外,如果介入权的行使与代理人与第三方所订契约中的明示或默示条款相抵触,或者严重损害第三方利益的其他情形时,委托人不得行使介入权。

This artiele thinks that Clause 1 of Art. 403. about the borderline of the right of intervention, the term and exception of ex- erting the right of intervention is roughly. Through analyzing the correlative eases and provisions in Common law system, the writer sug- gest that the term of exerting the right of intervention is that principle does not fulfill the obligations or not fully fulfilling obligation as a result of the third party, or lack of paying off capability. In order to avoid abusing the right of intervention, the prineipal could exert a- gent＇ s fight that the agent on behalf of principal get which from the third party towards the third party. If exerting the fight of interven- tion will breach the hiding terms, or breach the contract terms, or other conditions in which the exertion of the intervention fight may greatly harms the benefits of the third party. The principle cannot exert his right of intervention.