流动人口性与生殖健康研究的分析与思考

Sexual and Reproductive Health Service for Migrating Population: Analysis and Reflection

近年来,中国流动人口的数量急剧增加,带来了流动人口计划生育、卫生保健、性与生殖健康等一系列社会问题。这不仅关系到当代人的生育健康和性健康,同时也与下一代人的健康密切相关。流动人口宫内节育器、安全套等避孕措施的使用比例较高,但是避孕节育及性与生殖健康相关知识总体水平仍旧偏低;流动人口已婚育龄妇女对家庭暴力态度的认识整体较高;与城镇户籍人口相比,流动人口的休闲生活与城镇户籍人口还有较大差异,他们行为方式的"市民化"还远没有实现。这可能与流动人口管理、服务不到位,流动人口文化程度低、防护意识差等自身特点,以及卫生保健服务和其他公共卫生服务的可及性差等因素有关。改善目前流动人口性与生殖健康现况及其他社会、心理需求有待于各级相应的政策支持。

With the increase of number of migrants,adding absence of basic support and administration, more and more unwanted pregnancy beyond family planning, premarital pregnancy, and induced abortion were taken place among migrant population, which not only impacted on the family planning service, but also had some negative impact to sexuality and reproductive health of migrants. The use rate of IUDs and condom are relatively higher than the urban population,but the knowledge of contraception and birth control is still low; married women migrant of childbearing age were with a higher score of attitudes towards domestic violence than women in rural. Most women migrants could accept the attitudes towards husbands＇ beating of their wives. Compared with urban household population, their leisure lives are large differences among migrant population. Thus it can be seen that current status of contraceptives and family planning among migrants are not optimistic, and the current situation of contraceptives among migrants might be associated with inadequate knowledge related sexuality and reproductive health, low economic status, low accessibility of family planning and reproductive health related services. Therefore, the author brought corresponding suggestions and measures in order to improve the sexuality and reproductive health among migrants in China.