中美青少年性教育的理论建构比较

Comparative Study on Sex Education Theories Between China and America

随着青少年中与性有关的心理问题和行为问题越来越受关注,青少年性教育的迫切性也已得到社会的共识。目前中国的性教育主要是以问题为中心,教育内容上强调多学科渗透,但尚无统一的理论指导。美国的性教育起步早,尽管对其效果尚有争议,但其在性教育理论建构方面比较完善,因此有必要比较中美性教育理论,探讨未来中国性教育的方向。当前中国现有的性教育模式的理论导向,可归纳为生理心理导向、道德导向和社会性别导向。美国性教育理论主要包括综合性性教育与唯禁欲性教育,两者理论主张不同,导致教育内容大相径庭。近年来,美国的一些学者对这两种理论进行反思和整合,包括重视情绪调节的作用及"性"的概念的扩展,以期寻找更有效用的性教育理论。通过对两国性教育理论发展的比较,提出在中国现阶段的情况下,人本主义可能是未来性教育理论发展的方向,并提出一个"自我实现的性教育"理论,以期抛砖引玉。

With more and more adolescence sexual problems occurring,the social consensus on the urgency of sex education has been formed. Nowadays in china, sex education is mainly problem-oriented, rather than theory-guided. In this article, we compared the difference of sex education theories between America and China, aiming to find a suitable way of adolesccence sex education in future for China. Firstly, the current sex education theories of China were summarized,including sexual physiopsycholoy model, sexual moral model, and gender model. Secondly, the sex education theories of America were introduced. In America, there are two main theories, the comprehensive sex education and abstinence-only sex education. Some American experts surveyed and integrated these two theories recently,and found the more efficient theory of sex education, including the emotional regulation and ＂sexuality concept＂ expansion. In conclusion,the author suggestted that in China,self- actualization-guided sexuality education may be the trend.