论清末团练制度下乡村社会与国家关系——以酉阳直隶州为例

Relationships between Rural Society and the Nation in the Local Militia System of Late Qing Dynasty——Taking for Example Youyang Zhili State

团练制度是我国传统社会由"政不下县"向"政权下乡"过渡的一种制度。酉阳直隶州团练兴起的原因有二:一是镇压农民起义,二是补充政府军事力量。酉阳直隶州团练制度包括组织制度、军事制度、后勤制度和奖赏制度。团保合一体制、官吏掌控权力和士绅积极参政,均是清末团练制度下乡村社会与国家关系中互动与博弈的集中体现。

Local militia system was a transitional system in traditional Chinese society from ＂political power restricted to the level of county＂to＂political power extended to township＂.The local militia system of Youyang Zhili State was established for two reasons： suppressing farmers＇uprising and supplementing governmental military force.The militia system of Youyang Zhili State was made up of organization system,military system,logistic system,and reward and penalty system.In these systems,militia and guarding worked together,officials controlled the power and the country gentlemen actively participated in politics,which intensively reflected the interaction and game in the relationships between rural society and the state under the system of local militia in late Qing Dynasty.