论悲剧精神在中国现代文体转型中的错位

On the Displacement of the Tragic Spirit in the Transformation of Genre in Modern China

中国传统诗歌的悲剧精神没有被五四新诗继承下来,五四文学革命在诗歌这一文体上的反传统,就是以新诗的乐观精神取代了中国传统诗歌的悲剧精神。然而,中国的现代小说却在反叛中国传统小说、戏曲的大团圆之乐观精神的同时,继承了中国传统诗歌的悲剧精神及其抒情特征。因此,当鲁迅等新文学家将小说纳入文坛的正宗时,其创作也受到了中国传统诗文的悲剧性与抒情性的深层渗透,从而与新诗以乐观精神颠覆传统诗歌的悲剧精神相悖。

The new poetry of May 4^th Movement failed to inherit the tragic spirit of the traditional Chinese poetry. The anti-tradition in the genre of poetry caused by the literary revolution in the May 4^th Movement was a replacement of the tragic spirit of the traditional Chinese poetry by the optimistic spirit of the new poetry. But while modern Chinese fiction rebelled against the optimistic spirit displayed in the happy ending of the traditional Chinese fiction and drama, it inherited the tragic spirit and lyric feature of the traditional Chinese poetry. As a result, when Lu Xun, together with other new literati, placed fiction in the main position of the literary circle, he had his creation infiltrated with the tragic and lyric features of the traditional Chinese poetry and prose at depth, thus going against the idea that the new poetry, with its optimistic spirit, overturned the tragic spirit of the traditional poetry.