新中国莫里哀戏剧研究60年

A Review and Analysis of Molière Studies in China Over the Past 60 Years

在中国,莫里哀是最早被引进和最受欢迎的西方古典戏剧家之一,但是真正形成对他的研究高潮还是在1978年之后的改革开放年代。此前的研究多半是以历史的社会学的批评方法,着重研究莫里哀作品的社会历史价值,强调其战斗性。1978年以来,中国的莫里哀研究不仅成果超前,而且逐步深入,论者对有关的一些重要问题,诸如莫里哀是反封建的战士还是表现路易十四时代主流意识的戏剧家?莫里哀是古典主义作家还是现实主义作家?如何看待莫里哀喜剧中的悲剧因素?如何认识莫里哀作品中的所谓"扁形人物"?发表了不同的看法。但是研究方法单一,研究力度不够,研究对象过于集中,以至少有突破性的成果。近年来出现研究方法多元化的趋势,有利于研究的进一步发展。

Molière is one of the first batch of Western classical playwrights introduced to modern China and most welcomed by Chinese readers. Before 1978, social and historical criticism played a dominant role in China＇ s study of Molière, laying great emphasis on the social and historical values of his works and his fighting spirit. Since 1978, Molière studies have made fruitful achievements but still shown a lack of originality and inadequacy of creativity and variety. On the whole, the study of Molière focuses on the following issues： Was Molière an anti-feudal fighter or a mainstream dramatist during the reign of Louis XIV？ Was he a classical or realist playwright？ How do we appreciate the tragic factors in his comedies？ How do we analyze the so-called ＂flat characters＂ in his plays？ Notably, a pluralism of critical methods has become discernible in recent studies, which will contribute to our further research on Molière.