新中国60年高尔基小说研究

A Review and Analysis of Gorky Studies in China Over the Past 60 Years

新中国成立60年来,我国的高尔基研究在建国前研究成果的基础上,取得了新的成就和进展,并显示出随着历史的进程而变化的阶段性特征。其中,"文革"前17年的研究描画出一幅被偶像化了的高尔基形象;"文革"中高尔基的作品先是被禁读,后来则被赋予那一特殊年代的政治话语特征,但同时却无声地培养着将活跃于"后文革时代"的新一代知识者;进入历史新时期,高尔基研究开始显示出从停滞走向复苏的时代特色和审美价值的多元取向。最近20年中,研究者们就高尔基创作的真正成就和代表作、他和"社会主义现实主义"的关系、他的晚期思想和文学活动的意义等关键性问题,提出了一系列新见解,然而庸俗社会学批评所造成的影响,仍旧在阻碍着人们对高尔基的重新认识。总体而言,国内高尔基研究和国外研究水平相比明显滞后,但依然存在推出高质量新成果的可能性。

The sixty years after the founding of the People＇ s Republic of China witnessed the great achievement and progress on M. Gorky studies in China on the basis of the previous research, which demonstrates the periodic features in the changing course of history. If the 17-year studies before the Cultural Revolution depicted an image of an idolized Gorky, his works were first forbidden to read during the Cultural Revolution, and then endued with the features of political discourse prevailing in that period, but at the same time a new generation of intellectuals were subtly nurtured, who would be active in the post-Cultural Revolution era. Entering into the new historical period, Gorky studies in China have progressed from stagnation to rejuvenation, and to the diversification of aesthetic perspectives and concerns. In the past two decades, Chinese scholars have continuously come up with new ideas and original research results concerning the achievements of Gorky＇ s literary creation and representative works, his relation with ＂socialist realism,＂ his thoughts and the significance of his literary activity during the later period of his life. However, the influence made by vulgar sociological criticism has still been hindering the academics＇ rethinking of Gorky. Compared with their counterpart abroad, China＇ s Gorky studies have obviously lagged behind, yet they also show promising signs of higher quality research in the years to come.