《韵镜考》:日本江户后期《韵镜》学构建

YunJingKao:the construction of Japanese YunJing Research in Late Edo Period

日本江户后期著名学者冈本保孝《韵镜考》(1850前后),以构建"本体"《韵镜》学框架为基本目的 ,与文雄等区分汉音、吴音、华音,借《韵镜》而阐发自己的"汉字音史"观念不同。本文从著录、版本源流、"开合"和《七音略》"重轻"、音系性质、十六通摄来源及应用、十六通摄与日本假名文字定格等方面看《韵镜考》"本体"《韵镜》学的体系特征。《韵镜考》对后代学者,比如黑川春树《音韵考证》(1862)、冈井慎吾《〈韵镜〉学书目》系列论文(1903-1904)、大矢透《韵镜考》(1924)、冈井慎吾《日本汉字学史》(1935)、马渊和夫《〈韵镜〉校本》(1954)等著作产生了十分重要的影响。开创了"本体"文献《韵镜》学新范式。

YunJingKao(around 1850),written by Okamoto Kyosai—— a famous scholar of late Edo period,constructed a frame of Japanese YunJing research. It is different from Fumio's research of YunJingKao. Fumio's study of YunJing tells the differences between Han pronunciation, Wu pronunciation and Hua pronunciation. The aim of his research is to explain his own understanding of Chinese characters’ pronunciation. This paper describes the system of YunJing's noumenon research in the following aspects: its recorded history, its different versions, Kai (开)and He (合) of vowels , Zhong(重) andQing (开) inQiYinLue, the characteristics of its sound system; the history and application of sixteenShe (摄) and fixed form of Japanese kana characters. YunJingKao exerted great influence on Kurokawa Haruki's The Research of Phonology (1862), Okai Shingo'sThe Bibliography of YunJing Research and other relevant thesises(1903-1904), Tsutanoya Suisai's The Research of YunJing (1924),Okai Shingo's Japanese Research History of Chinese Characters and Kazuo Mabuchi's YunJing's Proof Editon (1954). In a word,YunJingKao creates a new pattern ofYunJing research.