马克思关于自由何以可能的探寻——从理想到实践的路径

Marx's Exploration of the Possibility of Freedom——The path from ideal to practice

马克思对自由何以可能的探寻,经历了四个阶段:一是对自我意识外化的自由呼吁,二是对政治共同体自由法权的现实批判,三是追求人类解放的现实自由运动,四是有关必然与自由统一的实践路径阐释。通过这四个阶段的理论阐述,马克思对自由的探寻体现出一个由理想向实践转向的进程。这种转向表明,自由不是抽象的精神或意识范畴,而是建立在现实根基之上,在科学发展和以人为本相统一的生产实践活动中得以实现。

There are four stages in Marx＇s exploration of the possibility of freedom.The first is his appealing to the externalization of self-awareness.The second is his practical criticism of the free right in the political community.The third is his real freedom movement to the human liberation,and the last is his interpretation of the path from necessity to freedom.Through the four stages of theory development,Marx＇s exploration of freedom shows the process that evolved from ideality to practice.This evaluation indicates that freedom is not a category of metaphysical spirit or consciousness,but is based on the real foundation and realized by the unity of scientific development and people-oriented productive practices.