梅芙·库克对哈贝马斯言语行为理论的批判

Maeve Cooke's Criticism of the Speech Act Theory of Habermas

梅芙·库克教授是都柏林大学哲学学院院长,爱尔兰皇家科学院院士。她对哈贝马斯言语行为三重功能模式理论的批判,着眼点就在于有效性要求与三种言语行为类型之间的依附关系。首先,关于记述式言语行为,哈贝马斯忽略了在日常语言使用中所提出的审美有效性要求;其次,关于表现式言语行为,哈贝马斯以真诚性要求为根据划分出表现式言语行为,理由不充分;最后,关于调节式言语行为,哈贝马斯混淆了规范的有效性要求和规范的正确性要求。库克的批判也存在两个方面的问题:一方面,错误地批判了审美有效性要求;另一方面,忽视了三重功能模式理论所存在的其他问题。

Maeve Cooke is the head of the School of Philosophy at UCD and the academician of Royal Irish Academy.Her criticism of the three functions model theory of Habermas focuses on the dependent relation between the validity claims and the type of speech acts.Firstly,about the constative speech act,Habermas ignores the aesthetic validity claims raised in everyday language use;secondly,about the expressive speech act,there is no sufficient reason to classify the expressive speech act according to truthful validity claim.Finally,about the regulative speech act,he confuses two quite distinct relations between normative validity claims and normative rightness.Cooke＇s criticism itself also has two problems.On the one hand,she incorrectly critiques the aesthetic validity claims;on the other hand,she ignores the other problems in the three functions model theory.